The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are applicable to this technology.

Goal 2: zero hunger

Goal 15: life on land

1. Initial Assessment:

   • Identify harmful and beneficial organisms on the farm.
   • Determine critical thresholds for economic injury based on community structure and growth stage.

2. Monitoring Pests:

   • Use simple tools like traps, handheld magnifying glasses, or binocular microscopes for regular inspections.
   • Employ advanced high-resolution cameras on drones for efficient surveillance of large areas.

3. Weed Inspection:

   • Inspect weeds during emergence and tillering stages when annual broadleaf weeds are less than 1.5 inches (early season).
   • Perform additional inspections during or after the harvest (post-season).

4. Insect and Disease Surveys:

   • Conduct surveys at different growth stages, from tillering over stem extension up to flowering.

5. Data Analysis:

   • Utilize software tools for data gathering and analysis to track pest and natural enemy development.

6. Threshold Evaluation:

   • Once critical thresholds for harmful and beneficial organisms are reached, it's time to take action.

7. Selecting IPM Measures:

   • Based on the assessment and monitoring, choose from a combination of biological, mechanical/physical, and cultural techniques.

8. Implementing Measures:

   • Release natural predators and enemies to establish a balanced population.
   • Utilize mechanical/physical interventions, such as equipment to deter birds or rodents, or manual pest removal.
   • Employ cultural practices like precision sowing, shifting planting dates, waste removal, wildflower strips, and using pest-resistant varieties.

9. Special Considerations:

   • Handle the introduction of new species or increasing beneficial communities with caution, as it can impact non-targeted organisms and ecosystems.

10. Additional Techniques:

• Employ the inoculative approach for long-term interventions, or the inundative approach for immediate pest suppression in severe outbreaks.
• Provide alternative hosts/prey or suitable nesting and feeding sites to support the reproduction and survival of natural predators and enemies.
• Reduce pest reproduction rates by releasing infecund males, disrupting breeding attempts by fertile males and females.
• Shift planting times to periods less favorable for rapid aphid multiplication.
• Rotate wheat with crops like rice, chickpea, pea, cotton, and others to suppress weed growth.
• Increase crop density and decrease row spacing to reduce weed seed output.
• Use pheromones for mass trapping, suitable for controlling pests like whiteflies and thrips.