Poultry Vaccination against Newcastle Diseases

Low-cost vaccination for poultry

The "Universal Vaccination against Newcastle Diseases" is a comprehensive framework and methodology designed to ensure widespread and effective vaccination against the Newcastle disease in poultry. It encompasses a range of components such as thermostable vaccines like the ND I-2, logistical strategies for transportation, simplified application methods, and extensive training for vaccinators. This technology is structured to provide a systematic and accessible approach to safeguard poultry from the Newcastle disease, particularly in challenging environments and remote areas.

This technology is TAAT1 validated.

7•7

Scaling readiness: idea maturity 7/9; level of use 7/9

Adults 18 and over: Positive high

The poor: Positive medium

Women: Positive high

Climate adaptability: Highly adaptable

Farmer climate change readiness: Significant improvement

Biodiversity: No impact on biodiversity

Carbon footprint: Same amount of carbon released

Environmental health: Greatly improves environmental health

Water use: Same amount of water used

Problem

High Mortality Rates: Newcastle disease is highly contagious and can cause mortality rates as high as 100% in poultry, particularly in young chicks.
Limited Vaccine Uptake: Despite the availability of vaccines, there are socio-economic and structural barriers that limit their uptake by smallholder farmers.
Vaccine Accessibility: The distance from the nearest vaccine vendor can reduce the likelihood of farmers vaccinating their chickens.
Vaccine Knowledge: Lack of knowledge about the Newcastle disease and its vaccine can hinder vaccination efforts.
Inconsistent Vaccination: If the vaccination does not reach all the birds at the same time, some birds will have contact with the vaccine virus later on, causing a reaction.
Poor Vaccination Systems: Inadequate vaccination systems can lead to increased losses.

Solution

Thermostable Vaccines: The ND I-2 vaccine, developed from a temperature-tolerant strain of the virus, can withstand varying temperatures, making it more resilient and effective in diverse environments.
Broad Protection: The ND I-2 vaccine offers protection against a wide range of Newcastle Disease Virus strains. This is a crucial feature, particularly in areas where new virus variants are prevalent.
Strong Immune Response: The vaccine triggers a robust immune response in poultry, safeguarding them from disease symptoms and minimizing the severity of outbreaks. This reassures farmers of the vaccine’s capability to protect their flocks.
Ease of Use: The ND I-2 vaccine is user-friendly, with straightforward administration and storage procedures. This makes it a practical choice for farmers, including those in remote or developing regions.
Safety and Acceptance: The vaccine is widely accepted due to its proven effectiveness and safety. This can help overcome any hesitations and encourage higher vaccination rates.
Long-lasting Protection: The ND I-2 vaccine offers more enduring protection compared to some other vaccines. This reduces the need for frequent re-vaccination, saving farmers both time and resources.

Key points to design your project

The technology empowers women, reduces carbon emissions, and contributes to SDGs 1, 2, and 5 by improving poultry health, reducing cold chain needs, and enhancing income and food security.

The integration of the “Universal Vaccination against Newcastle Diseases” technology in a project or program involves several key activities:

Stakeholder Engagement: Involve all stakeholders, including farmers, extension workers, veterinary services staff, the private sector, livestock and social scientists, and non-governmental organisations.
Awareness Raising: Increase awareness among senior decision makers about the contribution of family poultry to household food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable livelihoods.
Vaccine Selection: Choose the appropriate vaccine, such as the ND I-2, considering factors like cost, ease of application, and thermostability.
Training and Extension Programs: To enhance the success of ND control activities, proper planning, organization, and training are essential. This involves short courses for key decision-makers, workshops for staff training extension workers and community vaccinators, and training sessions and refresher courses for front-line staff. The training should cover the vaccine’s characteristics, handling, and administration, organizing a vaccination campaign, and monitoring progress.
Establishment of a Robust Cost-Recovery System: For sustainable ND control, costs related to vaccine production, distribution, and use must be covered. This could be by consumers or through government subsidies. If the vaccine is provided free, focus on cost minimization. Main costs are production, distribution, and administration, with Community Livestock Workers likely the most cost-efficient for vaccine administration.
Implementation of Vaccination: Carry out the vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease, ensuring that all birds are reached at the same time.
Monitoring and Evaluation: Monitor the progress of the vaccination program and evaluate its impact on poultry health and farmer livelihoods.

These activities should be planned and executed in a systematic manner, with adequate time allocation for each stage to ensure the successful adoption of the technology.

0.02 USD

A dose of the ND I-2 vaccine, is inexpensive to administer

2.5 USD

per round of vaccination for 20 chickens

250 USD

local vaccination campaign at the village level

IP

Open source / open access

Countries with a green colour: Tested & adopted
Countries with a bright green colour: Adopted
Countries with a yellow colour: Tested
Countries with a blue colour: Testing ongoing

Countries where the technology is being tested or has been tested and adopted
Country	Testing ongoing	Tested	Adopted
Benin	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Botswana	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Burundi	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Central African Republic	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Côte d’Ivoire	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Democratic Republic of the Congo	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Ethiopia	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Gabon	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Ghana	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Guinea	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Kenya	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Madagascar	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Malawi	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Mozambique	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted
Nigeria	–No ongoing testing	Tested	Adopted

This technology can be used in the colored agro-ecological zones. Any zones shown in white are not suitable for this technology.

Agro-ecological zones where this technology can be used
AEZ	Subtropic - warm	Subtropic - cool	Tropic - warm	Tropic - cool
Arid
Semiarid
Subhumid
Humid

Source: HarvestChoice/IFPRI 2009

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are applicable to this technology.

Goal 8: decent work and economic growth

Here are the process that ensures the production, preparation, and systematic vaccination against Newcastle Disease in poultry

Vaccine Production: Vaccines are produced in Africa using the "master seed egg amplification" technique from disease-free flocks. Companies like Brentec Ltd. in Uganda and DBellium Nigeria Ltd. in Jos have achieved significant production levels, with over five million and two million doses of ND I-2 vaccine respectively, supported by organizations like GALVmed in Kenya and Tanzania.
Vaccination Preparation: Prior to vaccination, vaccinators conduct assessments to determine the number of households and chickens in the area. Interested households are registered, and mutually agreed-upon dates for vaccination are set.
Vaccination Logistics: Vaccines are stored at 8°C until deployment to maintain their efficacy. Poultry farmers are instructed to gather their chickens in advance to ensure a smooth and organized vaccination process.
Deployment and Vaccination: On the agreed-upon date, vaccinators deploy the vaccines, ensuring that all registered households and their chickens are vaccinated as planned.
Post-Vaccination Procedures: Follow-up actions might include monitoring the vaccinated chickens for any adverse reactions and providing guidance or support as needed.