ARICA: Advanced rice varieties for Africa

Arica rice, the high yield, disease and stress tolerant rice

Hybrid ARICA lines are distinguished by their high yield potential, and tolerance/resistance to diseases and pests, such as blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice yellow mottle virus, as well as abiotic stresses like drought, flooding, iron toxicity, cold and salinity. Breeders employ a three-line system to develop ARICA hybrid lines, involving backcrossing which gives new cytoplasmic male sterile germplasm with good agronomic, next to outcrossing characteristics to obtain high seed yield, as well as test-crossing and microsatellite screening for identifying suitable restorer lines. A two-line breeding system for ARICA varieties is in place that relies on environmental genetic male sterility and has shown to achieve similar performance like the three-line system while being more economical. For breeding lines to be nominated as ARICA it must consistently and significantly out-yield the best checks in at least one site over at least three seasons and possess acceptable grain quality. In other words, it must represent significant improvement on the current best variety. Extensive field validation has shown that the productivity of ARICA 1, ARICA 2 and ARICA 3 is respectively 20 - 44%, 50 - 111%, and 2 - 69% greater than for NERICA-L 19 which is in wide use by African farmers.

This technology is TAAT1 validated.

7•7

Scaling readiness: idea maturity 7/9; level of use 7/9

Cost: $$$ 0,8 - 1,2 USD

Initial cost of a Kg of seed

ROI: $$$ 40 %

Increase in yield (income)

356 USD

Planting, maintenance, harvesting and winnowing

50 - 111 %

Potential yield

IP

Open source / open access

Problem

Low Productivity: Many traditional rice varieties in Africa have low yield potential, leading to insufficient production to meet local demand.
Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: Common rice diseases such as blast, bacterial leaf blight, and rice yellow mottle virus, as well as pests, significantly reduce yields and threaten food security.
Abiotic Stresses: Variability in environmental conditions, including drought, flooding, iron toxicity, cold, and salinity, pose significant challenges to rice cultivation in Sub-Saharan Africa, affecting crop growth and productivity.
Limited Adaptation: Traditional rice varieties often struggle to adapt to diverse agroecosystems across the region, resulting in suboptimal performance and reduced resilience to environmental stressors.

Solution

High Yield Potential: ARICA varieties offer higher yield potential compared to traditional varieties, boosting productivity and increasing agricultural profitability.
Disease and Pest Resistance: ARICA lines are bred for tolerance or resistance to common rice diseases and pests, reducing crop losses and ensuring more stable yields.
Abiotic Stress Tolerance: ARICA hybrids are developed to withstand various environmental stresses, such as drought, flooding, and salinity, ensuring more consistent yields even under adverse conditions.
Adaptability: ARICA varieties are designed to thrive in diverse agroecosystems, from lowland to highland areas and dry to wet climates, offering farmers more flexibility and resilience in their cropping systems.
Specialty Traits: Certain ARICA lines possess specialized traits, such as drought resistance, iron toxicity tolerance, and cold tolerance, allowing farmers to address specific challenges in their local and regional contexts.

Key points to design your business plan

For multipliers:

The ARICA varieties present manufacturers with an opportunity to produce and distribute high-performing hybrid rice cultivars tailored for Sub-Saharan African conditions. These varieties boast superior yield potential, resilience to various stresses, and improved grain quality, meeting the local market's demands and boosting farmers' productivity and profitability.

Potential customers for ARICA varieties include seed manufacturers, multipliers, and agricultural input suppliers targeting rice production, catering to both commercial and subsistence growers across Sub-Saharan Africa.

Collaboration with agricultural research institutions, national agencies, and seed certification bodies is essential to enhance the development, certification, and distribution of ARICA varieties. Partnerships with farmer cooperatives, extension services, and development projects aid in promoting adoption.

Manufacturers require access to advanced engineering expertise, durable materials, efficient production facilities, and continuous innovation capabilities, along with reliable distribution networks and after-sales support systems to ensure market competitiveness and customer satisfaction.

Key resources include advanced breeding techniques, research partnerships for germplasm and expertise, and investments in breeding programs, field trials, and seed multiplication. Seed production costs range from USD 0.8 to USD 1.2 per kilogram, similar to conventional improved rice varieties.

Adherence to licensing requirements for production and distribution of certified ARICA seeds in Sub-Saharan Africa is necessary for manufacturers.

For Users:

Farmers using ARICA’s advanced varieties are increasing productivity and profitability. These advanced varieties offer higher yield potential, resilience to environmental stresses, and improved grain quality, contributing to improved food security and income generation.

Key partners for end users include agricultural extension services, seed suppliers, and farmer cooperatives that facilitate access to certified ARICA seeds, technical knowledge, and support for rice production.

Economic analyses indicate that switching to ARICA varieties can lead to yield gains of up to 40%, translating into increased income for rice farmers. The adoption of ARICA varieties contributes to improved domestic rice production, economic growth, and rural development in sub-Saharan Africa.

Adults 18 and over: Positive high

The poor: Positive medium

Under 18: Positive high

Women: Positive high

Climate adaptability: Highly adaptable

Farmer climate change readiness: Significant improvement

Biodiversity: No impact on biodiversity

Carbon footprint: A bit less carbon released

Environmental health: Does not improve environmental health

Soil quality: Does not affect soil health and fertility

Water use: Same amount of water used

Countries with a green colour: Tested & adopted
Countries with a bright green colour: Adopted
Countries with a yellow colour: Tested

Countries where the technology has been tested and adopted
Country	Tested	Adopted
Benin	Tested	Adopted
Burkina Faso	Tested	Adopted
Côte d’Ivoire	Tested	Adopted
Equatorial Guinea	–Not tested	Adopted
Ethiopia	Tested	Adopted
Gambia	Tested	Adopted
Ghana	Tested	Adopted
Guinea-Bissau	Tested	–Not adopted
Kenya	Tested	Adopted
Mali	Tested	Adopted
Mauritania	Tested	Adopted
Nigeria	Tested	Adopted
Senegal	Tested	Adopted
Uganda	Tested	Adopted

This technology can be used in the colored agro-ecological zones. Any zones shown in white are not suitable for this technology.

Agro-ecological zones where this technology can be used
AEZ	Subtropic - warm	Subtropic - cool	Tropic - warm	Tropic - cool
Arid
Semiarid
Subhumid
Humid

Source: HarvestChoice/IFPRI 2009

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are applicable to this technology.

Goal 1: no poverty

Goal 2: zero hunger

Goal 8: decent work and economic growth

Goal 12: responsible production and consumption

Goal 13: climate action

Goal 15: life on land

ARICA varieties are cultivated exactly like common rice varieties. For optimal results, follow best soil and fertilizer management prescribed for particular growing areas:
These varieties can be planted manually or mechanically or through transplanting of seedlings from seedbeds into fields.
Fields are usually divided into lines or rectangles by constructing bunds which increases rain water accumulation and improves drainage.