In-Vitro Banana Tissue Culture Propagation

A rapid quality plantlets delivery technology for banana

In-vitro micro-propagation is a plant propagation technique conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, involving the multiplication of plant tissue through distinct stages. Beginning with the initiation of aseptic plant material, typically from meristematic tissue, in a sterile culture medium, the process progresses through stages of rapid multiplication, rooting, and hardening. This method offers several advantages, including disease elimination, fast multiplication of uniform plantlets, genetic preservation, and uniformity in growth characteristics. However, successful implementation requires substantial investment in laboratory infrastructure and skilled personnel, strict adherence to aseptic standards, and careful handling of delicate plantlets throughout the process. Despite these challenges, in-vitro micro-propagation stands as a valuable technique for producing healthy, uniform, and genetically consistent planting material, contributing to improved crop productivity and quality.

This technology is TAAT1 validated.

8•8

Scaling readiness: idea maturity 8/9; level of use 8/9

Adults 18 and over: Positive high

The poor: Positive high

Under 18: Positive low

Women: Positive medium

Climate adaptability: Moderately adaptable

Farmer climate change readiness: Significant improvement

Biodiversity: No impact on biodiversity

Carbon footprint: A bit less carbon released

Environmental health: Greatly improves environmental health

Soil quality: Does not affect soil health and fertility

Water use: A bit less water used

Problem

Disease Outbreaks: Traditional propagation methods were more susceptible to diseases, resulting in widespread outbreaks that affected entire plant populations.
Slow Recovery from Damage: Natural disasters and disease outbreaks often led to slow recovery in agricultural systems due to the time-consuming nature of traditional replanting methods.
Pest Spread: Conventional methods facilitated the spread of pests and diseases within agricultural environments, affecting crop health and productivity.
Lack of Uniformity: Non-standardized plant materials resulted in variable crop quality and growth rates, impacting overall farm productivity.
Vulnerability to Extreme Weather: Traditional crops were more susceptible to extreme weather conditions, leading to significant crop damage and reduced yields.

Solution

Fast Propagation: It allows for the quick multiplication of large numbers of plantlets, aiding in quicker recovery and replanting.
Uniformity and Quality: Produces uniform and high-quality plantlets that are free from pests and diseases.
Pest and Disease Control: Reduces the risk of pest and disease transmission within agricultural environments.

Key points to design your project

The adoption of In-vitro Tissue Culture propagation technology represents a significant opportunity to enhance banana and plantain production while mitigating losses due to pests and diseases. To integrate this technology into your project, consider the following steps:

Business planning and proper market analysis,
Obtaining a loan from a bank or other financing institution to acquire equipment,
Training of operating staff on handling and quality control procedures,
Awareness raising of nearby farmers about planting and macro-propagation of TC plantlets.

Develop strategies for sharing and distributing planting material and ensure financial and environmental sustainability of the units.

Collaborate with agricultural extension services to disseminate information and support the implementation of micro-propagation technology.

Source materials from countries with expertise in In-vitro Tissue culture propagation such as Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria and Zambia.

Engage a team of trainers to provide comprehensive support during project installation and operation.

Allocate resources for training and ongoing assistance to ensure successful adoption of the technology.

Explore partnerships with agricultural research institutes and government agencies to promote widespread adoption and improvement of banana and plantain production nationwide. Additionally, consider associating with Improved Varieties of Plantain for Tropical Lowlands Improved Varieties of Banana for the African Highlands Propagation of Disease-Cleaned Suckers.

Cost: $$$ 1,3 USD

Per plantlets

ROI: $$$ 40 %

Profit

3000 Tissue Culture plantlets

A nursery business can produce 3,000 TC plantlets per cycle

IP

No formal IP rights

Countries with a green colour: Tested & adopted
Countries with a bright green colour: Adopted
Countries with a yellow colour: Tested
Countries with a blue colour: Testing ongoing

Countries where the technology is being tested or has been tested and adopted
Country	Testing ongoing	Tested	Adopted
Burundi	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Cameroon	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Côte d’Ivoire	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Democratic Republic of the Congo	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Ethiopia	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Ghana	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Kenya	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Nigeria	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Rwanda	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Somalia	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Tanzania	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Uganda	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted
Zambia	–No ongoing testing	–Not tested	Adopted

This technology can be used in the colored agro-ecological zones. Any zones shown in white are not suitable for this technology.

Agro-ecological zones where this technology can be used
AEZ	Subtropic - warm	Subtropic - cool	Tropic - warm	Tropic - cool
Arid	–	–	–	–
Semiarid	–	–	–	–
Subhumid		–		–
Humid		–		–

Source: HarvestChoice/IFPRI 2009

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that are applicable to this technology.

Goal 2: zero hunger

Goal 12: responsible production and consumption

The application of this technology involves several steps.

Collection of Disease-Free Suckers:
- Start by collecting disease-free suckers from healthy plants. These will be the source material for the propagation process.
Meristematic Tissue Removal:
- In a sterile laboratory setting, remove 10 cm of meristematic tissue from the suckers. Meristematic tissue is the actively growing tissue in plants.
Corm Sterilization:
- Sterilize the corm (a bulb-like structure) to eliminate any potential pathogens or contaminants. This is crucial to ensure disease-free growth.
Corm Trimming:
- Trim the corm to prepare it for further processing.
Corm Cutting into Propagules:
- Cut the corm into small segments, typically 0.5 cm in size. These segments are known as propagules and will be used for propagation.
Placement in Tubes with Sterile Growth Medium:
- Place the propagules in tubes containing a sterile growth medium. The growth medium can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid, depending on the specific requirements of the plant species.
Growth Progress Monitoring:
- Monitor the growth progress of the propagules over a period of about a month. Ensure they are developing as expected.
Transfer to Jars for Shoot Growth:
- Once the propagules reach a height of approximately 2 cm, transfer them to jars. This step is done to facilitate further shoot growth.
Growth Chamber Placement:
- Place the jars containing the propagules in a growth chamber. These chambers provide controlled environmental conditions such as temperature and lighting.
3-4 Weeks of Growth:
- Allow the propagules to grow in the growth chamber for 3-4 weeks. This period is necessary to achieve the desired number of shoots.