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Low-cost vaccination for poultry The technology is a universal vaccination against Newcastle Diseases, a viral disease that severely undermines poultry production in Africa. The disease is highly contagious, spreading through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing among infected birds . It affects chickens of all ages, but young chicks are most susceptible, with mortality levels as high as 00%. The disease can be controlled through vaccination, and the recent development of a thermostable vaccine, ND I-2, has resulted in proactive and strict control of this disease threat. The ND I-2 vaccine was developed using a temperature-tolerant strain of the Newcastle Disease virus, resulting in thermostability of the antigen. The vaccine is low-cost, available in smaller vials containing 00-200 doses, suitable for chickens of all ages, and can be easily applied using plastic eye droppers.